Then Jesus spoke to the crowds and to his disciples, saying, “The scribes and the Pharisees have taken their seat on the chair of Moses. Therefore, do and observe all things whatsoever they tell you, but do not follow their example. For they preach but they do not practice. They tie up heavy burdens [hard to carry] and lay them on people’s shoulders, but they will not lift a finger to move them. All their works are performed to be seen. They widen their phylacteries and lengthen their tassels. They love places of honor at banquets, seats of honor in synagogues, greetings in marketplaces, and the salutation ‘Rabbi.’ As for you, do not be called ‘Rabbi.’ You have but one teacher, and you are all brothers. Call no one on earth your father; you have but one Father in heaven. Do not be called ‘Master’; you have but one master, the Messiah. The greatest among you must be your servant. Whoever exalts himself will be humbled; but whoever humbles himself will be exalted (Matthew 23:1-12).

In this Gospel, Jesus sets up two different models of religious observance, that of the Pharisees and that of the disciple of Christ.

The Pharisees were an ancient Jewish group of laymen and scribes concerned with the purity of the Jewish people and a clear Jewish identity in everyday life. They were interpreters of the Law, teachers, masters, and mentors of the spiritual life. They had something to say, to teach, to enforce. Those who followed the Pharisees were required to carry out the commands of the law according to the Pharisees’ interpretation. Hence Jesus’ words in today’s Gospel reading: “They tie up heavy burdens hard to carry and lay them on people’s shoulders.”

Jesus’ group of disciples, on the other hand, were invited by him to receive the revelation of the Father’s love and will. They were to esteem themselves blessed when their lives bore the wounds of Christ: rejection, the cross, poverty, persecution, martyrdom. They were invited to love each other and to give their lives for one another, and even to give their lives for their enemies, as Christ did for us. The disciple was not the master because it was only Jesus who taught. “I speak only what I hear from my Father” (cf John 12:49).

In today’s Gospel, Jesus draws clear distinctions between the Pharisees and those who would be his disciples:

1. The Pharisees were a privileged group in Israel and are depicted here acting in isolation as teachers, seeking honors and deference from others, visibility, and prominence. Jesus addresses his disciples as members of a community. “There is only one master, the Christ.” They were all brothers and sisters.
2. The Pharisees tried to attract disciples by stressing how they had attained a greater purity than the rest of the Israelites. Jesus attracted followers by being with those who were considered impure and not worthy: sinners, tax collectors, women.
3. As the Pharisees sought honors the disciples of Jesus were to seek to be servants, last, humble.
4. The interpretation of the Torah imposed on others by the Pharisees was hard to carry. Jesus calls it a “heavy burden” laid on people’s shoulders. The followers of Jesus are yoked with Jesus and take up his teaching which is an easy load to bear.
5. As a Pharisee, one could attain status and honor. To be called Jesus’ disciple is an immeasurable privilege one could never merit.

Jesus told his disciples to observe what the Pharisees told them to do but not to follow their example. Jesus, as a true Master, taught his own followers both by word and example. The Son of God himself was servant before he asked his disciples to serve one another. As St. Paul wrote to the Philippians:

In your relationships with one another, have the same mindset as Christ Jesus:

Who, being in very nature God,
    did not consider equality with God something to be used to his own advantage;
rather, he made himself nothing
    by taking the very nature of a servant,
    being made in human likeness.
And being found in appearance as a man,
    he humbled himself
    by becoming obedient to death—
        even death on a cross! (Phil 2:5-8)

Friends, brothers and sisters, fellow disciples, there is only one Master, the Christ. Let us follow him, learn from him, take up his teaching which is an easy load to bear, and find rest in him.

“Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. Take my yoke upon you and learn from me, for I am gentle and humble in heart, and you will find rest for your souls. For my yoke is easy and my burden is light” (Mt. 11:28-30).

Praying with this passage of Scripture

Lectio Divina is a way of listening to God as he speaks in his Word. It is a practice of communicating with God through Scripture and attending to God’s presence and what he wishes to tell us. In this slow and prayerful reading of the Word of God, we allow ourselves to be transformed by the Spirit who forms us into the image of Christ.
There are four movement in Lectio Divina: Read (lectio), Meditate (meditation), Pray (oratio), Contemplate (contemplation).

Begin by finding a still space to pray. Breathe deeply and become quieter within. Abandon any agenda, worries or thoughts you bring to this prayer and entrust these things to the merciful care of God. Ask for the grace to be receptive to what God will speak to you through this Scripture reading. Grant me, Jesus Divine Master, to be able to know the mysteries of the kingdom of God and your unfathomable riches. Grant that your word penetrate my soul; guide my steps, and brighten my way till the day dawns and darkness dissipates, you who live and reign forever and ever Amen.

Read (lectio)
Begin by slowly and meditatively reading your Scripture passage out loud. Listen for a particular word or phrase that speaks to you at this moment and sit with it for a time.

Then Jesus said to the crowds and to his disciples: “The teachers of the law and the Pharisees sit in Moses’ seat. So you must be careful to do everything they tell you. But do not do what they do, for they do not practice what they preach. They tie up heavy, cumbersome loads and put them on other people’s shoulders, but they themselves are not willing to lift a finger to move them.

“Everything they do is done for people to see: They make their phylacteries wide and the tassels on their garments long; they love the place of honor at banquets and the most important seats in the synagogues; they love to be greeted with respect in the marketplaces and to be called ‘Rabbi’ by others.

“But you are not to be called ‘Rabbi,’ for you have one Teacher, and you are all brothers. And do not call anyone on earth ‘father,’ for you have one Father, and he is in heaven. Nor are you to be called instructors, for you have one Instructor, the Messiah. The greatest among you will be your servant. For those who exalt themselves will be humbled, and those who humble themselves will be exalted.

Meditate (meditatio) – Read the same passage a second time. As you re-engage the text, let the word or phrase that stood out become your invitation to speak from your heart with God who wishes to share his heart with you. Allow this word or phrase to wash over you and permeate your thoughts and feelings. You may wish to repeat this phrase quietly and gently for a period of time.

Pray (oratio) – Read the text a third time. Listen for what God is saying to you. Speak heart to heart with God. Notice the feelings that this conversation with God raises up within you. Share with God what you notice about your response to this conversation. You may wish to return to repeating the phrase quietly and gently, allowing it to permeate you more and more deeply.

Contemplate (contemplatio)
Read the text a final time. Now be still and rest in God’s embrace. Ask God to give you a gift to take with you from this prayer. You might ask God if he is inviting you to do some action, for instance, make some change in your thoughts, attitudes or reactions, in the way you speak or how you treat others. Thank God for this gift and invitation as you conclude your prayer.